Today, Chinese firms produce the vast majority of the world’s solar panels. Most build cells that incorporate a layer of silicon to absorb the sun’s light and awaken electrons within, which then flow out as current. Instead of silicon, First Solar’s cells rely on a thin film made from two other elements: cadmium and tellurium. These cells can be produced more quickly than silicon cells, using less energy and water.
But there’s still room for improvement in the cells’ performance. Today’s best silicon solar panels convert roughly 25% of the sun’s energy into electricity, and cadmium telluride tends to lag behind that. To boost efficiency, First Solar is now looking to incorporate a new class of materials called perovskites into its cells. These tiny crystals absorb different wavelengths of light from those absorbed by silicon or cadmium telluride. Cells that add perovskites to the mix—known as perovskite tandem solar cells—could potentially convert even more of the sun’s energy into electricity.
First Solar is among a handful of companies exploring how to layer these crystals into commercial solar cells to improve performance. Last year it acquired a firm called Evolar, a leader in thin-film and perovskite research, to further this aim.
Key indicators
- Industry: Renewable energy
- Founded: 1999
- Headquarters: Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Notable fact: First Solar’s backlog of orders totals 76 gigawatts and stretches out to 2030.
