Japanese bid for US Steel challenges Biden’s approach to global economy

The prospect of a Japanese corporation buying U.S. Steel — whose products shaped American landmarks like the Empire State Building — is stirring an election-year debate over just how far the United States should go in embracing economic nationalism.

When Nippon Steel in December offered to buy the Pittsburgh-based steelmaker for $14.9 billion, investors cheered. But there was vocal opposition from the United Steelworkers union, which complained it had not been consulted, and prominent lawmakers in both parties, who objected to a foreign buyer swallowing a venerable American company. The loss of independence, they said, could threaten national security by leaving the United States short of steel in a crisis.

“I’m flat-out opposed to it,” Sen. J.D. Vance (R-Ohio) said in an interview. “And it’s not just this transaction I’m worried about. The precedent really matters.”

The deal also raises uncomfortable questions for the Biden administration, little more than nine months before the November election. The president, who often emphasizes the value of U.S. alliances, welcomes foreign investment. But permitting the purchase by Nippon Steel risks crossing organized labor, whose support he needs in vital swing states such as Pennsylvania.

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The steel drama highlights tensions in the international economic policy that national security adviser Jake Sullivan unveiled last year. Biden’s trade and…

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